NIO Full Stack

NIO Full Stack embodies NIO’s value of continuous innovation and is fundamental to NIO
as a smart EV company that operates globally, develops for the long term and leads in technological innovation.
NIO has envisioned itself a pioneer at the forefront of smart electric vehicles, user enterprise and global operations,
and has established full-stack capabilities in 12 areas for smart EV technologies, service and user community operations,
as well as multi-brand development across different regions.

Full-Stack R&D Capabilities

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Testing Centers
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Tech Domains
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Patents Filed and Obtained
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*As of March 31, 2025

Chip & Smart Hardware
Assisted and Intelligent Driving
Smart Cabin
Connectivity
Vehicle Operating System
Vehicle Engineering
Battery System
EDS & High Voltage System
Smart Manufacturing
Smart Power
Artificial Intelligence
Global Digital Operations

Chip & Smart Hardware

To continue to lead in smart EVs and reduce the dependence on core technologies, NIO has been making continuous investment in developing its in-house R&D capabilities of smart hardware, such as advanced chips, high-performance sensors, smart domain controllers and other core components.

NIO Super Sensing

31

High-Performance Sensing Units

  • 1 × Longest-Range Production LiDAR
  • 2 × Side Wide-Angle LiDAR
  • 1 × 4D Imaging Radar
  • 7 × 8MP High-Resolution Camera
  • 4 × 3MP Enhanced Camera for Surround View
  • 1 × ADMS
  • 12 × Ultrasonic Sensor
  • 1 × V2X
  • 1 × GPS & IMU
  • 1 × Hands-Off Detection

Perception coverage exceeds 400,000 ㎡, setting a new standard for smart driving perception in production vehicles.

NIO Super Computing

Industry’s highest in-car computing power

Fusion of top cockpit chip and proprietary smart driving chip
Industry-leading integration of 6 domains
Cross-domain task management

NIO's First AD Chip
NX9031

Performance on par with four flagship chips

Efficient computational processing

Flexible task scheduling
Heterogeneous many-core resource pool
Native support for secure and complex algorithms

NIO's LiDAR SoC
NX6031

The industry's first in-house developed LiDAR SoC,
able to handle complicated driving conditions.

8 million

Max. Point Cloud Processing Capability

50%

Power Consumption Reduced

30%

Processing Latency Optimized

NIO Assisted and Intelligent
Driving (NAD)*

NIO has established an industry-leading smart driving R&D system spanning platforms, architecture, engineering, algorithms, and operations. Enabled by NIO’s proprietary AI models, as well as individual and collective intelligence, NIO Assisted & Intelligent Driving (NAD) is available for battery swapping, parking, highways and urban roads. Being the industry’s only AI-driven and insurer-certified safety assistance system, as of March 31, 2025, NAD’s Smart Safety has prevented over 3.5 million collisions. Relieving driving stress and reducing traffic accidents, NAD makes driving easier, safer, and more reliable across all roads and scenarios.

Navigate on Pilot Plus (NOP+)
More pleasant travel experience from point A to B
for all users, and in all scenarios.

Navigate on Pilot Plus (NOP+)
More pleasant travel experience from point A to B
for all users, and in all scenarios.

Power Swap Pilot for Highway (PSP)
Fully navigated and automated battery swap on expressways.

Power Swap Pilot for Highway (PSP)
Fully navigated and automated battery swap on expressways.

Enhanced Lane Centering Control (Pilot+)
Available on all roads.

Enhanced Lane Centering Control (Pilot+)
Available on all roads.

NIO Link Remote Parking Assist (RPA)
Quick and hassle-free automated parking, no need for a driver.

NIO Link Remote Parking Assist (RPA)
Quick and hassle-free automated parking, no need for a driver.

Smart Safety 2.0
All-around protection, no false positives or negatives.

Smart Safety 2.0
All-around protection, no false positives or negatives.

Longest-Range Production LiDAR Sensor

Ultrahigh-resolution vision-based occupancy networks

Smart Cabin

Adding a human touch to its state-of-the-art technologies, NIO’s smart cabin, running on the in-house developed SkyOS, is a mobile living space, a thoughtful emotion companion, bringing together NIO’s iconic products, services and user community.

NOMI Intelligence

NOMI is the first-ever in-car AI system, by NOMI Intelligence, it integrates cabin-wide data and personal context, gaining insights, creating action plans, and orchestrating the entire ecosystem’s capabilities. NOMI offers personalized interaction and companionship.
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NOMI, Your Emotion Companion First 5D PanoCinema Cabin on a Production Car Smart and Exclusive Services

NOMI, Your Emotion Companion

Free of wake words, NOMI understands dozens of commands in one shot and can converse with all occupants. The newly released NOMI GPT allows NOMI to provide more personalized and thoughtful services.

NOMI, Your Emotion Companion

First 5D PanoCinema Cabin on a Production Car

First 5D PanoCinema Cabin on a Production Car

Smart and Exclusive Services

Smart and Exclusive Services

NIO Link

NIO Link is a car-centric and all-scenario connectivity solution. It enables mobile connectivity experiences that are fully secure and open by integrating software, hardware, and services while achieving end-road-cloud coordination. Seamless synchronization of services is realized across devices includi
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Vehicle-Phone Connectivity

NIO Phones and NIO vehicles work together perfectly through NIO Link, unlocking brand-new vehicle-centered experiences with all-scenario connectivity and seamless synchronization.
All-New NIO Phone

Full-Domain Vehicle Operating System

SkyOS is an AI-powered full-domain operating system for smart EVs. As the world’s first OS developed by a car company, SkyOS is based on a 1+4+N architecture, covering all vehicle domains, such as assisted and intelligent driving, smart cabin and vehicle control.
More specifically, SkyOS features high-performance SkyOS-H, which is a versatile and reliable virtualized pool of hardware resources, SkyOS-L, M, R and C, which are four major kernels designed to support a variety of application scenarios, SkyOS-Middleware with the in-house developed SOA framework and TOX (Talks-Over-X) protocol stack of low latency and high bandwidth and for all domains, as well as a systematic information security mechanism enhanced by closed-loop data and capable of continuous iteration.
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Vehicle Engineering

Facing fast iterations of smart electric vehicles, NIO has formed an experience-driven product R&D system featuring decoupled software and hardware, balancing vehicle personalization and platform efficiency. With innovation capabilities at the atomic level and in-house development of core components, NIO realizes efficient deployment of multiple brands and models across the globe.

China's First Proprietary Intelligent Chassis Controller (ICC)

A holistic design and tuning of chassis comfort and handling with integrated control of redundant braking, air spring, and damper. It eliminates thresholds in development and tuning for expedited vehicle development and iterations through OTA updates.

China's First Proprietary Intelligent Chassis Controller (ICC)

A holistic design and tuning of chassis comfort and handling with integrated control of redundant braking, air spring, and damper. It eliminates thresholds in development and tuning for expedited vehicle development and iterations through OTA updates.

SkyRide Intelligent Chassis System

Integrating core hardware systems of steer-by-wire, rear-wheel steering, and fully active suspension for the first time to make the world’s only intelligent chassis fully steered by wire.

AI-Powered Smart Chassis

Based on multiple sensors on the vehicle and bump layer data in the cloud, NIO’s AI Smart Chassis connects domains of intelligent chassis, assisted and intelligent driving, and digital cockpit to detect road bumps in advance, for a more comfortable and reassuring riding experience.

Battery System

With six tech labs dedicated to advanced materials, physicochemical testing, and other purposes, NIO possesses full-stack R&D capabilities covering material synthesis, cell trial production, system assembly, and validation and testing. In fields such as materials, cells, systems, software, and cloud strategy, it has 1,382 scientific and technological patents.

150kWh Ultra Long Range Battery

The 150kWh battery pack comes with a cell energy density of 360Wh/kg
and a pack volume utilization of 77%. It is the world’s only cell-to-pack pouch battery
free from thermal runaway.

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CLTC Range

Industry's First Long-Life Battery Solution

Based on full-stack development of battery technology and lifecycle battery health operations, the long-life battery can be in service for 15 years and retain no lower than 85% battery capacity at the end of its life.

Molecular-level control over multiple elements to suppress phase transition in NCM cathode materials.

Unused NCM cathode materials

8 years in use: cracks in materials

8 years in use: modified properties of materials with additional Zr

* Accelerated aging test at 60°C

Industry's First Proprietary 46105 Large Cylindrical Cell

292Wh/kg

Cell Energy Density

5C

Max. Charging Rate

1.6mΩ

No.1 Cell IR

255km

5min of Charging

EDS & HV System

NIO’s global R&D footprints allow it to master the full-domain technology of electric drive and high-voltage systems, covering eight core areas: system development, power electronics, power semiconductors, mechanical design, motor development, software, testing and manufacturing. Its comprehensive and digitized R&D management system ensures that these capabilities can be translated into products faster.

Full-Domain 900V High-Voltage Architecture

925V

Industry-leading Vehicle Voltage

600kW

Industry-leading Peak Charging Power

765A

Industry-leading Peak Charging Current

Electric Drive System

180kW EDS

Powered by the world's first SiC power module and the flat wire permanent magnet motor, this highly-integrated system boosts the maximum current by 30% and lowers the energy loss by 4% to 6%, realizing an operating efficiency of no lower than 91.5%.

300kW EDS

This asynchronous induction motor system features the one-of-a-kind centrifugal aluminum casting rotor.

210kW EDS

This integrated system boasts a high-performance flat wire permanence magnet motor with a copper slot fill rate of over 70%, realizing a system power density as high as 2.5kW/kg.

150kW EDS

As the world’s first integrated coaxial induction motor system, it adopts the aluminum casting rotor made from NIO’s exclusive formula, which is 20% more conductive than the industry and 50% lighter than a copper rotor. The system has a power density of 1.95kW/kg.

180kW EDS

The induction motor system boasts a power density of 2.6kW/kg.

340kW EDS

With a peak power of 340kW and a power density of 4.3kW/kg, the system adopts the world's first 925V W-pin permanent magnet motor with a slot fill rate of 86%. Its stator adopts the ingenious 3D oil-spray-cooling design, boosting the system's maximum continuous power by 30%.

Proprietary 1,200V SiC Power Module

This in-house developed power module has a power density of 1,315kW/L and a lifespan of over 300,000 cycles.

Smart Manufacturing

Intelligent and digital training allows for agile production and high-quality delivery. From manufacturing engineering to order management and product delivery, the operating platform of processes and algorithms becomes an exceptional atomic capability set, formulating a closed-loop iteration system for smart manufacturing.

Highlights

Advanced equipment, flexible process, end-to-end intelligence, efficiency and low-carbon footprint along the value chain.

NIO Factory Two

As a digitized smart factory, NIO F2 strikes a balance between mass production and customization, making itself a model of the next-generation smart automotive manufacturing.
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Smart Power

NIO provides a holistic power solution that serves users in various scenarios, making EV recharging more convenient than refueling. Its automated battery swap, high-power charging, grid interactions, battery monitoring based on multi-source sensing, a series of innovative charging and swapping products, as well as Power Cloud, allow for a chargeable, swappable, and upgradeable experience for users.

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Artificial Intelligence

NIO aims to develop the full-stack AI capabilities. Through in-house built AI infrastructure, self-trained foundation models and vertical models, as well as the development platform and tools developed in house, NIO has integrated AI into its products, services, user community, R&D and manufacturing.

As AI has been used throughout the entire process, including product definition, R&D, manufacturing, experience improvement and service operations, NIO’s NAD, NOMI, digital operations and industrialization, as well as public LLMs are further enhanced, allowing for continuous iteration in R&D, services and operations.

Global Digital Operations

The capability supports efficient global operations while making sure NIO can navigate data governance and compliance. With systematic operations of users and communities, products, employees, channels and content across different regions and countries, for multiple brands and on various technology platforms, NIO can provide products and services to more users worldwide.
NIO’s self-built computing center and hybrid cloud architecture, as well as LLMs and algorithms, allow it to realize efficient R&D on multiple platforms, global supply chain management, smart manufacturing, and global operations of users, communities and services.
* NIO Assisted and Intelligent Driving (NAD) is designed for driver assistance only and cannot fully replace a human driver or handle all possible traffic, weather, and road conditions. The driver must stay attentive and be prepared to take over control at all times. NAD should be used with caution in complicated traffic, weather or road conditions.
* Certain NAD features are currently only available in China.